While I have no experience building a Composite Aircraft itself,
have built composite fin antenna's for high performance military aircraft.
A neat foam we used was "ROHACELL", which is a high temperature polyimide (sp?) plastic. Polyimide is the same plastic family as Kapton, which is used to make flexible circuit boards.
Can be CNC machined, vacuum bagged, high temperature/pressure autoclaved, etc. We used with Epoxy-Kelvar prepreg materials.
Depending upon the density, had a very high crush strength.
May be a little pricey, as it is made in Germany.
JCP